Understanding Foundations in Winnipeg Homes
When buying or selling a home in Winnipeg, one of the most critical — yet often overlooked — elements is the foundation. Winnipeg's climate, with its clay soils and freeze-thaw cycles, makes foundation knowledge essential for homeowners.
Common Foundation Types in Winnipeg
Poured Concrete
The most common foundation in modern homes, poured concrete offers strength and durability. It's known for fewer joints, making it less prone to water intrusion when properly installed.
Concrete Block (CMU Block)
Common in homes built from the 1950s–1980s, block foundations are stacked and mortared. While sturdy, they have more joints and can develop step cracks.
Fieldstone / Stone Foundation
Found in century homes and older properties, these consist of rounded stones mortared together. They're charming but require vigilant maintenance.
Preserved Wood Foundation (PWF)
Pressure-treated wood is used for both walls and footings. PWFs can perform well when properly drained and waterproofed, but they require specific maintenance.
Post and Pad Foundation
Common in cottages and older homes, this system uses concrete pads supporting wood or steel posts. It's inexpensive but offers limited lateral stability.
Piled Foundation
Steel or concrete piles driven deep into the ground support the foundation, especially in areas with poor soil. It's a modern and highly stable system, often used for custom builds.
Understanding Foundation Cracks in Poured Concrete
Even the best-built foundations can develop cracks over time. It's important to distinguish between vertical and horizontal cracks.
Vertical Cracks
These are often caused by shrinkage during curing or minor settlement. Most are cosmetic, especially if they're narrow (<1/8 inch), but they should be monitored.
Horizontal Cracks
These are more serious. They usually result from hydrostatic pressure — the outward force of wet soil pushing against the wall. Horizontal cracks can indicate structural stress and warrant prompt professional assessment.
When Is Bracing Needed?
If a horizontal crack is present, particularly if it's bowing inward, structural bracing may be required. Common solutions include:
- Steel Beam Bracing: Vertical steel beams are anchored to the floor and joists, holding the wall in place to prevent further movement.
- Carbon Fibre Straps: A modern, non-invasive option where high-strength straps are epoxied to the wall to reinforce it.
- Blueskin Waterproofing Treatment: On the exterior, Blueskin (a rubberized waterproof membrane) is often applied after excavation to stop water infiltration.